mass Spectrometry | 1st year chemistry notes chapter 1 short questions
1st year chemistry notes chapter 1 short questions. Determination of relative atomic mass by mass spectrometry. First year chemistry chapter 1 mass spectrometry. Chemistry class 11 chapter 1 solved exercise. Mass spectrometer class 11 chemistry.
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1.1- Define mass spectrometry?
Ans. The technique in which atoms or molecules are converted to ions and are separated on the basis of mass to charge ratio is called mass spectrometry.
1.2- Define mass spectrometer?
Ans. An instrument used to determine the exact masses of different isotopes of an element is called mass spectrometer.
1.3- Define mass spectrum?
Ans. Mass spectrum is a plot of data
in such a way that m/e value is plotted as x-axis and relative no. of ions as
y-axis.
1.4- What is the difference between Aston’s mass spectrograph and Dempster’s mass spectrometer?
Ans. a) Aston’s mass spectrograph:
Aston’s mass spectrograph was
designed to identify the isotopes of an element on the basis of their atomic
masses.
b) Dempster’s mass spectrometer:
It was designed for the
identification of elements which were available in solid state.
1.5- What is relative abundance of an isotope?
Ans. The percentage of an isotope of
an element relative to other isotope of the same element is called relative
abundance of isotope.
1.6- Why positively charged ions of isotopes are passed through magnetic field in the mass spectrometer?
Ans. Positive ions are allowed to
pass through a strong magnetic field, which will separate them on the basis of
their (m/e) values. The magnetic field makes the ions to move in a circular
path. The ions of definite m/e value will move in the form of groups one after the
other and fall on the electrometer.
1.7- What is the function of electrometer in separation of isotopes in mass spectrometer?
Ans. Electrometer is also called an
ion collector and develops the electrical current. The strength of the current
thus measured gives the relative abundance of ions of a definite m/e.
1.8- How does the change of either electric field or magnetic field help us to record the isotopic separation by mass spectrometer?
Ans. The mathematical relationship
for (m/e) is
m/e = H2r2/2E
If E is increased, by keeping H
constant then radius will increase and positive ion of a particular m/e will
fall at a different place as compared to the first place. This can also be done
by changing the magnetic field.
1.9- What is the reason for two equally strong peaks in the mass spectrum for bromine; while for iodine only one peak at 127 a.m.u is indicated?
Ans. Bromine has two isotopes of
almost equally abundant. Iodine has only one isotope. Therefore, two equally
strong peaks in the mass spectrum for bromine; while for iodine only one peak
at 127 a.m.u is indicated.
1.10- Write some physical methods used for separation of isotopes?
Ans. Since isotopes of an element
have same chemical properties, so they can’t be separated by chemical methods.
Following physical methods are used for their separation:
- Gaseous diffusion
- Thermal diffusion
- Distillation
- Ultracentrifuge
- Electromagnetic separation
- Laser separation
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